manvar surname caste in gujarat

Gujarat- A state in India. Although the number of inter-ekda marriages has been increasing, even now the majority of marriages take place within an ekda. I would suggest that this feature of urban caste, along with the well known general tendency of urban culture to encourage innovation, provided the groundhowever diffuse that ground might have beenfor a favourable response to the anti-hierarchical ideas coming from the West. Most of them were, true to their name, rulers at various levels of the political hierarchy from the kingly level to the level of dominant caste in many villages. 3 0 obj If the first-order divisions are called jatis and castes, the second-order divisions would be called sub-jatis or sub-castes. Indian textiles especially of Gujarat have been praised in several accounts by explorers and historians, from Megasthenes to Herodotus. yorba linda football maxpreps; weiteste entfernung gerichtsbezirk; wyoming rockhounding locations google maps; The hierarchy, however, was very gradual and lacked sharpness. Sometimes a division could even be a self-contained endogamous unit. Their origin myth enshrined in their caste purana also showed them to be originally non-Brahman. But the hypergamous tendency was so powerful that each such endogamous unit could not be perfectly endogamous even at the height of its integration. Pages in category "Social groups of Gujarat" The following 157 pages are in this category, out of 157 total. Almost all the myths about the latter are enshrined in the puranas (for an analysis of a few of them, see Das 1968 and 1977). The main aim of this paper is to discuss, on the basis of data derived mainly from Gujarat, these and other problems connected with the horizontal dimension of caste. Hence started farming and small scale business in the British Raj to thrive better conditions ahead to maintain their livelihood. There was another kind of ambiguity about the Brahman status or two other divisionsKayatia and Tapodhan. The main point is that we do not completely lose sight of the lowest boundary among these three hypergamous divisions as we do among the Rajputs. The Khedawals, numbering 15,000 to 20,000 in 1931 were basically priests but many of them were also landowners, government officials, and traders. There was a continuous process of formation and disintegration of such units. They were involved in agriculture in one way or another. It is argued that the various welfare programmes of each caste association, such as provision of medical facilities, scholarships and jobs for caste members contribute, in however small a way, to the solution of the nations problems. For example, among the Khadayata Vanias there are all-Khadayata associations as well as associations for the various ekdas and sometimes even for their tads (see Shah, Ragini 1978). State Id State Name Castecode Caste Subcaste 4 GUJARAT 4001 AHIR SORATHA 4 GUJARAT 4002 AHIR 4 GUJARAT 4003 ANSARI 4 GUJARAT 4004 ANVIL BRAHMIN 4 GUJARAT 4005 ATIT BAYAJI BAKSHI PANCH 4 GUJARAT 4006 BAJANIYA 4 GUJARAT 4007 BAJIR . That the role of the two principles could vary at different levels within a first-order division has also been seen. Thus, the result was the spread of the population of a caste division towards its fringes. As weaving is an art and forms one of the most important artisan community of India. Vankar is described as a caste as well as a community. In central Gujarat, at least from about the middle of the 18th century, the population of the wealthy and powerful Patidar section of the Kanbis also lived in townsan extremely interesting development of rich villages into towns, which I will not describe here. To illustrate, among the Khadayata or Modh Vanias, an increasing number of marriages take place between two or more tads within an ekda. One of the reasons behind underplaying of the principle of division by Dumont as well as by others seems to be the neglect of the study of caste in urban areas (see Dumonts remarks in 1972: 150). If the Varna divisions are taken into account, then this would add one more order to the four orders of caste divisions considered above. The Rajputs in Radhvanaj, the village I have studied in central Gujarat, had no great difficulty in establishing their claim to being Rajputs: they owned substantial amounts of land under a traditional Rajput tenure, dominated village politics and possessed certain other traditional Rajput symbols. The degree of contravention is highest if the couple belong to two different first-order divisions. Even the archaeological surveys and studies have indicated that the people of Dholavira, Surkotada. This surname is most commonly held in India, where it is held by 2,496 people, or 1 in 307,318. Marriages were usually confined to neighbouring villages, so that marriage links were spread in a continuous manner from one end of the region to another. I do not propose to review the literature on caste here; my aim is to point out the direction towards which a few facts from Gujarat lead us. Usually, a single Koli division had different local names in different parts of Gujarat, but more about this later. The Chumvalias and Patanwadias migrated possibly from the same tract and continued to belong to the same horizontal unit after migration. There are thus a few excellent studies of castes as horizontal units. The name, Talapada, meaning mdigenous, commonly used in the 19th century, is most clear, since it is clearly distinguished from the other division called Pardeshi, meaning foreign, who during the last one or two centuries immigrated here from the area around Patan in north Gujarat and were, therefore, also called Patan- wadias. The handloom weavers of Gujarat, Maharastra and Bengal produced and exported some of the world's most desirable fabrics. Roughly, while in the plains area villages are nucleated settlements, populated by numerous castes, in the highland area villages are dispersed settlements, populated by tribes and castes of tribal origin. But there was also another process. . 100 Most Popular Indian Last Names Or SurnamesWhy Don't Tamil People Have Last Names?-----A . Marco Polo a Venetian merchant on his visit to India in 13th century Gujarat observed that "brocading art of Gujarat weavers is par excellent". There were also a number of first-order divisions, mainly of artisans, craftsmen and specialized servants, with small populations. In spite of them, however, sociologists and social anthropologists have not filled adequately the void left by the disappearance of caste from the census and the gazetteer. Use census records and voter lists to . For example, if they belonged to two different second-order divisions, such as Shrimali and Modh, the punishment would be greater than if they belonged to two different ekdas within the Shrimali or the Modh division. 92. Gujarati migrations to the nearby metropolis of Bombay the first new centre of administration, industry, commerce, education, and western culture, followed the same links. Gujarat (along with Bombay) has perhaps the largest number of caste associations and they are also more active and wealthy compared to those in other regions. The very low Brahmans such as Kayatias and Tapodhans were invited but made to eat separately from the rest of the Brahmans. These divisions have, however, been kept out of the present analysis for reasons which have become well known to students of Hindu society since the 1950s. As Ghurye pointed out long ago, slow consolidation of the smaller castes into larger ones would lead to three or four large groups being solidly organized for pushing the interests of each even at the cost of the others. manvar surname caste in gujaratbest imperial trooper team swgoh piett. The complex was provided a certain coherence and integrityin the pre- industrial time of slow communicationby a number of oral and literate traditions cultivated by cultural specialists such as priests, bards, genealogists and mythographers (see in this connection Shah and Shroff 1958). What may be called the census approach influenced a great deal of scholarly work. To give just one example, one large street in Baroda, of immigrant Kanbis from the Ahmedabad area, named Ahmedabadi Pol, was divided into two small parallel streets. No sooner had the village studies begun that their limitations and the need for studying caste in its horizontal dimension were realized. The point is that there was nothing like the endogamous unit but there were only several units of various orders with defined roles in endogamy. The method is to remove first the barriers of the divisions of the lowest order and then gradually those of one higher order after another. The weavers were forced into selling exclusively to the British at extremely low rates, pushing them into poverty. First, since the tads were formed relatively recently, it is easier to get information about their formation than about the formation of ekdas. Because of these two major factors, one economic and the other political, Gujarat at the beginning of the 19th century had a large urban population, distributed over a large number of small towns. Castes pervaded by divisive tendencies had small populations confined to small areas separated from each other by considerable gaps. By the beginning of British rule in the early 19th century, a considerable number of these chieftains had succeeded in establishing petty chiefdoms, each composed of one, and occasionally more than one, village, in all parts of Gujarat. They wrote about the traditional Indian village, but not about the traditional Indian town. They co-existed in the highlands with tribes such as the Bhils, so much so that today frequently many high caste Gujaratis confuse them with Bhils, as did the earlier ethnographers. The point is that the Rajput hierarchy, with the princely families at the top, merged at the lower level imperceptibly into the vast sea of tribal and semi-tribal people like Bhils and Kolis. The three trading castes of Vania, Lohana and Bhatia were mainly urban. It is easy to understand that the pattern of change would be different in those first-order divisions (such as Rajput) or second-order divisions (such as Leva Kanbi) which did not have within them subdivisions of lower orders and which practised hypergamy extensively. In a paper on Caste among Gujaratis in East Africa, Pocock (1957b) raised pointedly the issue of the relative importance of the principles of division (he called it difference) and hierarchy. Content Filtrations 6. In contrast, there were horizontal units, the internal hierarchy and hypergamy of which were restricted to some extent by the formation of small endogamous units and which had discernible boundaries at the lowest level. In the village strict prohibition of inter-division marriage as well as the rules of purity and pollution and other mechanisms, of which the students of Indian village communities are well aware since the 1950s, maintained the boundaries of these divisions. Moreover, a single division belonging to any one of the orders may have more than one association, and an association may be uni-purpose or multi-purpose. endobj Unfortunately, although the Kolis are an important element in Gujarats population, their earlier ethnography is confusing, and there is hardly any modern, systematic, anthropological, sociological or historical study, so that the confusion continues to persist. Co-residence of people, belonging to two or more divisions of a lower order within a higher order was, however, a prominent feature of towns and cities rather than of villages. The two together formed a single complex of continental dimension. After the commercial revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries, Gujarat had a large number of tradition towns on its long sea-coast. The associations activities in the field of marriage, such as reform to customs, rituals and ceremonies, and encouragement of inter-divisional marriages, are also seen by the members as a service to the nationas the castes method of creating a casteless modern society. New Jersey had the highest population of Mehta families in 1920. Among the first-order divisions with subdivisions going down to the fourth order, there are associations for divisions of all the orders. Another major factor in the growth of urban centres in Gujarat was political. Briefly, while the Varna model was significant in the total dynamics of the caste system to fit the numerous first-order divisions into the four-fold Varna model in any part of India is impossible, and, therefore, to consider varnas as caste divisions as such is meaningless. It is not easy to find out if the tads became ekdas in course of time and if the process of formation of ekdas was the same as that of the formation of tads. Patidars or Patels claim themselves to be descendants of Lord Ram. It has been pointed out earlier that an emphasis on the principle of division existed in the caste system in urban centres in traditional India. They then spread to towns in the homeland and among all castes. Division and hierarchy have always been stressed as the two basic principles of the caste system. Each unit was ranked in relation to others, and many members of the lower units married their daughters into the higher units, so that almost every unit became loose in the course of time. During Mughal Empire India was manufacturing 27% of world's textile and Gujarati weavers dominated along with Bengali weavers in Indian textile trade industry overseas. And how flexibility was normal at the lowest level has just been shown. // z. The ekdas have not yet lost their identities. They are described by the ruling elite as robbers, dacoits, marauders, predators and the like. manvar surname caste in gujarat. Many primarily rural castes, such as Kolisthe largest castehave remained predominantly rural even today. In central Gujarat, for example, one and the same division, freely arranging marriages within it, was known by several names such as Baraiya, Dharala, Khant, Kotwal, Pagi, Patelia, Talapada, Thakarada, and Thakor. Far too many studies of changes in caste in modern India start with a general model of caste in traditional India which is in fact a model of caste in traditional rural India.