margaret hamilton biography margaret hamilton biography

Danko sat on a smoking pipe configured to look like the Witch's broomstick. skywriting sequence at the Emerald City. and he said, 'What else? [12] She developed software for predicting weather, programming on the LGP-30 and the PDP-1 computers at Marvin Minsky's Project MAC. , money, salary, income, and assets. [16][18] These made her code incredibly reliable because they helped programmers identify and fix anomalies before they became major problems.[26]. This depended on our assigning a unique priority to every process in the software in order to ensure that all of its events would take place in the correct order and at the right time relative to everything else that was going on. Mention the name Margaret Hamilton to a Millennial, and chances are they won't be able to pick her out of a line-up. Four years later, she obtained the Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics at Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana (USA). Her father, Thomas Storey, was the founder of the Stanford University School of Health. Profiled in "American Classic Screen Interviews" (Scarecrow Press). [47] In 1980, British-Israeli computer scientist David Harel published a proposal for a structured programming language derived from HOS from the viewpoint of and/or subgoals. Anthony Oettinger,[53] Barry Boehm,[citation needed] and Hamilton have been credited with naming the discipline of "software engineering". The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Both those elements were crucial during the Apollo 11 mission (1969), which took astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin to the Moon. Margaret Hamilton, the actress whose role as the cackling Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz unnerved generations of children, died yesterday, apparently of a heart attack, at a nursing home in Salisbury, Connecticut. ", /system/people/detail_images/320_Margaret_Hamilton.jpg, /system/people/list_images/320_Margaret_Hamilton_320.jpg. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. In one of the critical moments of the Apollo 11 mission, the Apollo Guidance Computer, together with the on-board flight software, averted an abort of the landing on the Moon. With only minutes to spare, the decision was made to go for the landing.". She loved and doted upon children all her life. At the time, computer science and software engineering were not yet established disciplines; instead, programmers learned on the job with hands-on experience. She appeared regularly in supporting roles in films until the early 1950s and sporadically thereafter. Elizabeth's reporting includes multiple exclusives with the White House and Office of the Vice-President of the United States, an exclusive conversation with aspiring space tourist (and NSYNC bassist) Lance Bass, speaking several times with the International Space Station, witnessing five human spaceflight launches on two continents, working inside a spacesuit, and participating in a simulated Mars mission. She had a small role in the made-for-television film The Night Strangler (1973) and appeared as a befuddled neighbor on Sigmund and the Sea Monsters, who is a friend of the very similar Mary Wickes. Margaret H. Hamilton is a computer scientist who was instrumental to NASA's efforts to land humans on the moon in the 1960s and 1970s. She had three grandchildren, Christopher, Scott, and Margaret. We knew that. In 2019, she was awarded The Washington Award. In The Paul Lynde Halloween Special (1976), she portrayed Lynde's housekeeper, reprising the Wicked Witch role, as well as introducing Lynde to the rock group Kiss. She was portrayed by Fenella Woolgar in "Judy" (2019). Margaret Hamilton is an American software engineer and computer scientist best known for leading the team responsible for creating the software for the Apollo moon missions and Skylab space station. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. "Every time the CPU approached overload, the software cleared out its entire queue of processes, restarted its functions; allowing only the highest priority ones to perform until the landing was completed," she said. August 17, 2016. [14] The SAGE Project was an extension of Project Whirlwind, started by MIT to create a computer system that could predict weather systems and track their movements using simulators. In 2003, she was given the NASA Exceptional Space Act Award for scientific and technical contributions. Learn How rich is She in this year and how She spends money? She played Morticia Addams' mother, Hester Frump, in three episodes of The Addams Family. In the early 1970s, she joined the cast of another CBS soap opera, As the World Turns, on which she played Miss Peterson, Simon Gilbey's assistant. UConnToday, 23 April 2013. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. It turned out that the astronaut checklist, which governed the actions the crew had to do before landing, had the crew set the rendezvous radar hardware switch in the wrong position. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Copyright 2018-2023, All Rights Reserved Super Stars Bio. SAGE was soon developed for military use in anti-aircraft air defense. In 2009, she received the Outstanding Alumni Award by. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Margaret Hamilton (December 9, 1902 - May 16, 1985) was an American film actress known for her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West in the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz. Margaret Hamilton (* 17. srpna 1936 Paoli) je americk softwarov inenrka a podnikatelka. She served on the Beverly Hills Board of Education from 1948 to 1951 and was a Sunday school teacher during the 1950s. She graduated from Hancock High School and studied at the University . [13][14][15] Her work contributed to Lorenz's publications on chaos theory. My Little Chickadee. Coming up with solutions and new ideas was an adventure. and he said 'Maggie, they want you to play a part on the Wizard.' When asked about her experiences on the set of The Wizard of Oz, Hamilton said her biggest fear was that her monstrous film role would give children the wrong idea of who she really was. I said, 'Yes?' The award included $37,200, the largest amount awarded to any individual in NASA's history. The company was developed around the Universal Language of Software Design Systems. Because software was a mystery, a black box, upper management gave us total freedom and trust. Join our Space Forums to keep talking space on the latest missions, night sky and more! She soon transferred, however, to Earlham College in Indiana where she graduated with a bachelor's degree in mathematics, with a minor in philosophy. "Hamilton was honored by NASA in 2003, when she was presented a special award recognizing the value of her innovations in the Apollo software development," NASA wrote in 2016. She appeared in The Phil Silvers Show episode S2E20 Bilko Enters Politics (05 February 1957). While a decision was made in the moment to let the astronauts land, Hamilton pointed out that a fault analysis was done to see where the error was made. We took our work seriously, many of us beginning this journey while still in our 20s. They're clapping at hearing the sound again.[11]. margaret-hamilton-bio-wiki-age-family-net-worth-height-nationality-and-facts.html. Cleveland Plain Dealer, September 1958. Hamilton was born in Cleveland, Ohio and practiced her craft doing children's theater while she was a Junior League of Cleveland member. Margaret Hamilton Computer Scientist MIT Computer scientist Margaret Hamilton poses with the Apollo guidance software she and her team developed at MIT. The guidance and control systems would apply to both the lunar module (which would land on the moon) and the command module (which would orbit the moon while the lunar module was on the surface, then house the astronauts on their journey home.) Hamilton, M.; Hackler, W. R. (2004). Hamilton had prepared for just this situation years before: There was one other failsafe that Hamilton likes to remember. They liked to kid me about my radical ideas. She also wrote a program for the Cambridge Air Force Research Laboratory. It was July 20, 1969. Biography in: "The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives". Hat, Coat and Glove. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Hamilton spent six weeks recovering from the incident and refused to do any more fire-related stunts on the film set. This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 16:40. "The award included the largest financial award that NASA had ever presented to any individual up to that point. After she recuperated, she said, "I won't sue, because I know how this business works, and I would never work again. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Hamilton, a 24-year-old with an undergrad degree in mathematics, had gotten a job as a programmer at MIT, and the plan was for her to support her husband through his three-year stint at Harvard. Zack, Suzanne. [42][43][44] It was successfully used in numerous government programs[45][46] including a project to formalize and implement C-IDEF, an automated version of IDEF, a modeling language developed by the U.S. Air Force in the Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) project. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. For this Laboratory, she developed codes for new programming routines. Throughout the 1970s, Hamilton lived in New York City's Gramercy Park neighborhood and appeared on local (and some national) public-service announcements for organizations promoting the welfare of pets. A former schoolteacher, she worked as a character actress in films for seven years before she was offered the role that defined her public image. August 17, 2016. In later years, Hamilton made frequent . It was an ongoing joke for a long time. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Hamilton had thought long and hard about this. Danko made the fiery entrance to Munchkinland, not Hamilton. The crowning mission, Apollo 11 in July 1969, saw Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin descend all the way to the surface in the lunar module, safely return to the command module (piloted by Mike Collins) and make it home to Earth. It was her code that enabled the human race to travel to the moon and back. We had to find a way and we did. She portrayed the sister of Witchiepoo from H.R. In recent years, a striking photo of Hamilton and her teams Apollo code has made the rounds on social media and in articles detailing her key contributions to Apollo 11's success. ", is co-written with astronaut Dave Williams. Having started on the stage in the early 1930s, she began to work extensively in the theater after leaving Los Angeles. Dedication and commitment were a given. She strove to work as much as possible to support herself and her son; she never put herself under contract to any one studio and priced her services at $1,000 ($18,800 with inflation[4]) a week.[5]. As Neil Armstrong was already preparing to bring the ship down, the computer started displaying two errors: error 1201 and error 1202. She helped write the computer code for the command and lunar modules used on the Apollo missions to the Moon in the late 1960s and early 70s. A brief history of the famous 1969 photo of the software that sent humans to the Moon. Thompson, Arthur A.; Strickland, A. J., (1996), "Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases", Last edited on 26 February 2023, at 16:40, Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories, "001: A Full Life Cycle Systems Engineering and Software Development Environment", Universal Systems Language for Preventative Systems Engineering, A Formal Universal Systems Semantics for SysML, Universal Systems Language: Lessons Learned from Apollo, "President Obama Names Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom", "Former Earlham Student Had Role in Moon Flight", "2009 Outstanding Alumni and Distinguished Service Awards", "The Woman Who Taught Me Margaret Hamilton MAKERS Moment", "Margaret Hamilton: The Untold Story of the Woman Who Took Us to the Moon", "The statistical prediction of solutions of dynamic equations", "AGC Conference 1: Margaret Hamilton's introduction", "Scene at MIT: Margaret Hamilton's Apollo code", "NASA Engineers and Scientists-Transforming Dreams Into Reality", The History of Apollo On-board Guidance, Navigation, and Control, Keyboard and Display Program and Operation, "Moon landing memories:'Apollo 11 changed civilisation and I had a part in it', "Tales from the Lunar Module Guidance Computer", "Computer Got Loaded, letter to the editor of Datamation", Higher Order Software Evaluation and Critique, "Federal User Offers Free CAD/CAM Software", "And/Or Programs: A New Approach to Structured Programming", "Overview of Hamilton Technologies, Inc. (HTI) 001", "ICSE 2018 Plenary Sessions Margaret Hamilton", "What to Know About the Scientist who Invented the Term "Software Engineering", "NASA Engineers and Scientists Transforming Dreams Into Reality", "Margaret Hamilton: 2017 Fellow Biography", "Margaret Hamilton, the Engineer Who Took the Apollo to the Moon", "Her code got humans on the moon and invented software itself", "Software and a Woman at the Heart of Lunar Triumph", "A moonlit tribute to a moon landing icon", "Honour for software writer on Apollo moon mission", "White House honors two of tech's female pioneers", "Margaret Hamilton Awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom", "The 2017 Fellow Award Acceptance Speech", "Lego's 'Women of NASA' toy set is finally on sale and it's already Amazon's best-selling toy", "Investiture of scientist Margaret Hamilton as an honorary doctor of the UPC", "Margaret Hamilton Accepts 2019 Washington Award Nomination", "Bard College - 2019 Honorary Degree Recipients", "Margaret Hamilton's sister shares her memories as Seattle's seniors celebrate the 50th anniversary of the moon landing", "James Cox Hamilton, at 77; lawyer was quiet warrior for First Amendment", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Hamilton_(software_engineer)&oldid=1141753509. From 1961 to 1963, she worked at MIT on an unknown aircraft trajectory tracking project. Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). By Maia Weinstock | MIT News Office She was severely burned during the "Surrender Dorothy!" MIT Museum: Margaret Hamilton Apollo Photos. The content of the programs was printed on continuous paper and stored in large folders. Hamilton herself specifically concentrated on software to detect system errors and to recover information in a computer crash. [4] She studied mathematics at the University of Michigan in 1955 before transferring to Earlham College, where her mother was a student;[7][8] she earned a BA in mathematics with a minor in philosophy in 1958. Garland visited Hamilton while the latter recuperated at home looking after her son. Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on Wed, 2022-06-01 07:53, By Maia Weinstock | MIT News Office Looking back, we were the luckiest people in the world; there was no choice but to be pioneers.. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Hamilton and Ray Bolger were cast members in the 1966 fantasy film The Daydreamer, a collection of stories by Hans Christian Andersen. That has been my favorite book since I was four.' For ABC's short-lived radio anthology Theatre-Five, she played a manipulative ailing Aunt Lettie to Joan Lorring as the unhappy niece Maude in "Noose of Pearls". Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. For Hamilton, although Apollo 11 was monumental, she relished the challenge of doing her job for it. It is possible to find relevant details of the biography of this extraordinary pioneer on many websites. She did a stint as a What's My Line? [Related: Apollo Coder and 'Apollo 13' Actor Receive Presidential Medals of Freedom]. Margaret Elaine Hamilton (born Heafield on August 17, 1936) is an American computer scientist, systems engineer, and business owner. Elizabeth Howell (she/her), Ph.D., is a staff writer in the spaceflight channel since 2022 covering diversity, education and gaming as well. It is ironic that her performance as the Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz (1939) was so scary to children, because her first job was as a kindergarten teacher. She later founded two software companiesHigher Order Software in 1976 and Hamilton Technologies in 1986, both in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Hamilton next worked at MITs Instrumentation Laboratory (now the independent Charles Stark Draper Laboratory), which provided aeronautical technology for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). When I was the beginner they gave it to me as well. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Margaret-Hamilton-American-computer-scientist, Space.com - Margaret H. Hamilton: Apollo Computer Programmer, Wired - Her Code Got Humans on the Moon - And Invented Software Itself, Margaret Hamilton - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Margaret Hamilton - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), National Aeronautics and Space Administration. If you continue to use this website without changing your cookie settings or you click "Accept" below then you are consenting to this. MIT's instrumentation lab received the contract for the Apollo guidance and control systems on Aug. 9, 1961, when the United States had accomplished only two spaceflights both with just one crewmember on board, and both in suborbital space. Her "priority display" innovation had created a knock-on risk that astronaut and computer would slip out of synch just when it mattered most. Margaret Hamilton was born Margaret Heafield on August 17, 1936 in Paoli, Indiana. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. She was born on August 17, 1936, which makes Margaret Hamilton age be 82 years old as of now. She was director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which developed on-board flight software for NASA 's Apollo program. When she reprised her role as the Wicked Witch in a 1976 episode of Sesame Street, "the show's producers were flooded with letters from parents saying it was too frightening for children. According to MIT, this was the first air defense system for the country and helped to push forward digital computing in the 1950s and 1960s. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. And sometimes when I go to schools, if we're in an auditorium, I'll do it. A few years later, they were reunited on Broadway for the short-lived musical Come Summer. But a software incident almost derailed the landing, as Hamilton recalled in a 2009 interview with MIT. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. five.[28]. President Barack Obama presents Apollo code developer Margaret Hamilton (at left) and "Apollo 13" actor Tom Hanks (right) with the Presidential Medal of Freedom on Nov. 22, 2016. She was a distant cousin of Neil Hamilton, with whom she appeared in By Your Leave (1934). Moore Boeck. Hamilton has a diverse background, including an undergraduate degree in mathematics from Earlham College in Indiana, and postgraduate work in meteorology at MIT. Hamilton played two credited roles in the famous film: Almira Gulch and the Wicked Witch of the West. They're scared. I said to myself, 'Oh, boy, The Wizard of Oz! For her work during this period, Hamilton has been credited with popularizing the concept of software engineering. [36], When Hamilton started using the term "software engineering" during the early Apollo missions,[57] software development was not taken seriously compared to other engineering,[58] nor was it regarded as a science. [33] The asynchronous executive designed by J. Halcombe Laning[34][30][35] was used by Hamilton's team to develop asynchronous flight software: Because of the flight software's system-software's error detection and recovery techniques that included its system-wide "kill and recompute" from a "safe place" restart approach to its snapshot and rollback techniques, the Display Interface Routines (AKA the priority displays) together with its man-in-the-loop capabilities were able to be created in order to have the capability to interrupt the astronauts' normal mission displays with priority displays of critical alarms in case of an emergency. Margaret Hamilton had no trouble reconciling her career at NASA with her mothering role. She is best known for playing the Wicked Witch of the West in the 1939 movie The Wizard of Oz.In movies, she often played older, unmarried women from New England who was extremely practical but did not enjoy jokes. Hamilton's line from The Wizard of Oz "I'll get you, my pretty, and your little dog, too!" Margaret Hamilton (educator) (1871-1969), American educator Margaret Hamilton (actress) (1902-1985), American film character actress Margaret Hamilton (software engineer) (born 1936), American software engineer Margaret Hamilton (publisher) (1941-2022), Australian publisher of children's literature As an adult, she worked on NASA's Apollo program, creating computer programs to guide spacecraft to and from the moon. DAAAE30-02-D-1020 and DAAB07-98-D-H502/0180, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ, 20032004. [16] A Republican, she supported the campaign of Dwight Eisenhower during the 1952 presidential election. In later years, Hamilton made frequent . She cofounded the company Higher Order Software in 1976 and established Hamilton Technologies 10 years later. We recommend you to check the complete list of Famous People born on 9 December.